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The Allobroges: On the Threshold of the Roman World

History & Finds The Allobroges: On the Threshold of the Roman World

The Allobroges were a Celtic people in the south-east of Gaul, between the Rhône, Isère and the Alps, in the area around Vienne and later Geneva.

Denarius of the Allobroges
Denarius of the Allobroges with a galloping horse and caduceus, 1st century BC. cgb, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

A people on Rhône and Isère

"The Allobroges, subdued only shortly before, were not yet well disposed to Rome."after Caesar, The Gallic War I (public domain, own translation)

The Allobroges were a powerful Celtic people in the south-east of Gaul, between the Rhône, the Isère and the Alps – in the area of today's Savoy and Dauphiné. Their land was fertile and well connected, a link between Italy and the interior of Gaul.

Early under Rome

Already in 121 BC – long before Caesar's Gallic War – the Allobroges were subdued by Rome and incorporated into the province of Gallia Narbonensis. They were thus among the first Gauls under Roman rule.

The Catiline conspiracy

In 63 BC envoys of the Allobroges played a surprising role in Rome: the conspirators around Catiline tried to win them as allies. But the Allobroges betrayed the plan – and gave Cicero the decisive proof to expose the conspiracy.

Revolt and Roman flowering

In 61 BC the Allobroges rose against the burdens of Roman rule but were defeated. Afterwards their land flourished; their chief town Vienna (Vienne) became a splendid Roman city on the Rhône.

Why this moves us

The Allobroges show how closely Gaulish tribes were intertwined with Roman politics early on – right into a famous conspiracy. At GLANZ & GRAVUR we tell this from the sources.

Myth check: The Allobroges acted in the Catiline affair not out of "loyalty to Rome" but out of sober self-interest – they hoped for relief from their debts and burdens. Ancient politics followed advantage, not ideology.
What is documented: The subjugation in 121 BC, the membership of the province of Narbonensis, the role of the Allobrogian envoys in the Catiline conspiracy of 63 BC (Cicero, Sallust) and their later revolt.
What is interpretation: Why the Allobroges betrayed the conspirators – out of loyalty or cool calculation – is interpretation; the sources (Cicero, Sallust) are Roman and partisan. About their Celtic culture before Rome we know little directly.

The Allobroges stand at the transition from the Celtic to the Roman world. Continue with the Helvetii and Aedui.

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