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The Celtiberians: Numantia and the Celtic Sword

History & Finds The Celtiberians: Numantia and the Celtic Sword placeholder

The Celtiberians were Celtic-Iberian peoples of the central Spanish plateau – a fusion of immigrant Celts with the native Iberian population.

Masters of the forge

Their iron was famous: the Celtiberian sword (forerunner of the Roman gladius hispaniensis) and the falcata were considered excellent. Rome adopted Celtiberian weapon technology into its own army.

The fall of Numantia

Their resistance culminated in the siege of Numantia (133 BC). After a long blockade by Scipio, many inhabitants chose death over captivity. Numantia became a Spanish symbol of the will to freedom.

"Numantia, without walls or towers, long kept Rome in suspense."freely after Florus, Epitome (public domain, own translation)
What is documented: Celtiberians as a Celtic-Iberian mixed culture, their weapon technology (gladius hispaniensis) and the siege of Numantia in 133 BC by Scipio Aemilianus (Appian, Florus).
What is interpretation: The "collective suicide" of Numantia is partly literarily heightened; the details vary by source. "Celtiberians" is moreover a Roman collective term for several peoples.

The Celtiberians lead into the Celtic world of Spain. Continue with the Celtic warriors and Insubres.

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The Celtic Warriors · Celtic Princely Graves · The Arverni · The Boii · The Insubres.

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