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Tencteri & Usipetes: A Massacre on the Rhine

History & Finds Tencteri & Usipetes: A Massacre on the Rhine placeholder

The Tencteri and Usipetes were two Germanic tribes who in 55 BC, under pressure from the Suebi, crossed the Lower Rhine to seek new land – in the area around the Meuse estuary.

The Rhine crossing of 55 BC

Caesar would tolerate no Germanic immigration into Gaul. While negotiations were still under way and the Germanic leaders were in his camp, he attacked. The result was a massacre among the leaderless tribes; Caesar himself speaks of enormous numbers.

Criticism even in Rome

The affair was so harsh that even in Rome voices condemned it: Cato the Younger is said to have demanded that Caesar be handed over to the Germani for breaking the truce. Afterwards Caesar built his first bridge across the Rhine and led a short campaign into Germania east of the river.

"When they saw their leaders detained, they lost their heads."freely after Caesar, The Gallic War IV (public domain, own translation)
What is documented: The Rhine crossing of the two tribes in 55 BC, Caesar's attack during negotiations, the massacre and the subsequent Rhine bridge – all in Caesar's The Gallic War IV; Cato's criticism in Plutarch/Suetonius.
What is interpretation: Caesar's casualty figures (several hundred thousand) are wildly exaggerated and serve his self-image. How many people really died and how "treacherous" the attack was cannot be securely reconstructed from the one-sided source.

Tencteri and Usipetes show the harshness of war on the Rhine. Continue with the Sugambri and Ubii.

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